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Chemical pathology doctors combine laboratory and clinical skills, using biochemical laboratory tests to diagnose disease and manage patients.
You'll follow a set pattern of training which usually starts with a five year first degree in medicine and two years of foundation training. You will then undertake five years of specialist training (ST1-5). This period of training will include completing your royal college exams. Length of training can vary according to your circumstances.Doctors may work up to 48 hours a week. The working hours may sometimes extend beyond the normal working day to include early mornings, evenings and weekends. You’ll first earn a salary when you start your foundation training after medical school. The basic salary ranges from £29,384 to £34,012. Once you start your specialty training as a doctor in chemical pathology employed by the NHS, you can expect to earn a salary of at least £40,257, which can increase to between £84,559 and £114,003 as a consultant.You'll need excellent communication skills to manage a wide range of relationships with colleagues, and patients and their families. You'll be emotionally resilient, have excellent problem-solving and diagnostic skills and work well in teams and under pressure. You'll also be very organised for the benefit of patients.In 2021, there were 104 chemical pathology consultants working in the NHS in England. In addition, there were 16 applications for 11 specialty training places. You could specialise or conduct research in areas such as metabolic bone disease or inherited metabolic disease (IMD), teach medical students or postgraduate students in training or get involved in research at universities, the NHS or private sector. -
There are no set entry requirements to become a caretaker although employers usually ask for experience of caretaking work. They may ask for knowledge of health and health safety. It may be an advantage to have relevant qualifications in, for example, cleaning. You need a good standard of numeracy and literacy. Employers may ask for GCSEs in English and maths. Employers may ask for a full driving licence. When you start work as a caretaker in the NHS, you will get the training you need. This includes health and safety and manual handling. You may be expected to go on short courses on particular topics such as infection control or dealing with hazardous waste.Caretakers working in the NHS are paid on the Agenda for Change (AfC) pay system. You will typically start on AfC band 2. With further training and experience, you could apply for more senior positions with broader responsibilities.Caretakers in the NHS work standard hours of around 37.5 a week. Some may work shifts including early starts and evenings. Terms and conditions will usually be different for caretakers working outside of the NHS.Caretakers need to be willing to do tasks as needed, physically fit for moving, lifting, bending, etc, responsible for their own work, willing to work alone if necessary, very health and safety aware and methodical and reliable. They also need good organisational, practical and communication skills.With experience, a caretaker could become a team leader supervising other caretaking staff, possibly across several sites. There may be opportunities to move into other estates services roles or into a support role. There are opportunities outside the NHS.
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Public health knowledge and intelligence professionals help to provide information that's essential both for identifying issues that have a negative effect on people’s health, and for planning to deal with those issues.
There is no standard national entry route into public health knowledge and intelligence roles, although there are various schemes and training programmes, mostly at regional level within the NHS and with Public Health England. Apprenticeships are available in health informatics, intelligence analysis and libraries, archives, records and information management services.Your working hours are likely to vary depending on the employer and nature of the work. For example, working hours may generally be from 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday but there may be variations to this which are determined by the individual employer or by events, conferences etc.As a knowledge and intelligence professional you'll need a range of skills which include an interest in data and attention to detail, for example, in collecting, analysing and interpreting data and being able to present information in easy to understand ways. You should also have well developed IT skills, be a good communicator and enjoy working both on your own initiative as well as part of a team.You might start out as an assistant librarian, and progress to librarian, head librarian or into a managerial role. Or, you might start out as an analyst and progress to a more senior position, such as senior analyst, statistician, public health principal or head of intelligence.