Doctors working in infectious diseases (ID) diagnose, investigate and treat infections caused by many micro-organisims such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi.
This page provides useful information on the nature of the work, the common procedures/interventions, sub-specialties and other roles that may interest you.
Nature of the work
Working in infectious diseases combines both the clinical and laboratory skills of making diagnoses with providing effective treatment for a wide range of infections in both acutely and chronically ill patients.
There are four distinct but very much interdependent infection specialties: Infectious Diseases (ID), Medical Microbiology (MM), Medical Virology (MV) and Tropical Medicine (TM).
Specialists in infectious diseases have noted a big impact on their role of factors such as:
an increase in the severity of infections, particularly in more frail populations of patients
an increase in resistance to antibiotics
new infections such as MRSA, Clostridium difficile and norovirus which can be hospital-acquired
a rise in blood-borne virus infections, such as hepatitis B and C and HIV
the growing popularity of global travel heightening the need for expertise in the prevention and treatment of travel-related ‘international’ disease
Specialists in infectious diseases typically treat conditions including:
bone infections
HIV
pneumonia
viral hepatitis (Inflammation of the liver)
Less commonly they may also treat conditions including:
cholera
dengue
diphtheria
dysentery (an intestinal infection)
ebola
malaria
meningitis (inflammation of the brain membranes)
sepsis[1] (a serious infection causing an exaggerated immune response)
tuberculosis
typhoid fever
yellow fever
Common procedures/interventions
These include:
drug prescription
insertion of a central venous catheter[2] – a thin flexible hollow tube is inserted into a large vein for the introduction of fluids including medication
lumbar puncture[3] - a hollow needle is inserted into the lower part of the spinal canal to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis or to inject medication
sigmoidoscopy (examination of part of the intestine using a very small camera)
Sub-specialties
Infectious diseases is a broad and varied specialty providing opportunities for doctors to train in infectious diseases, alone or to combine the training with either general internal medicine or with medical microbiology (or virology). Some ID doctors will also specialise in tropical medicine.
Want to learn more?
Find out more about:
the working life[4] of someone in infectious diseases
This section provides useful information about the pay for junior doctors (doctors in training), specialty doctors, consultants and general practitioners.
NHS Employers[9] provides useful advice and guidance on all NHS pay, contracts terms and conditions.
Medical staff working in private sector hospitals, the armed services or abroad will be paid on different scales.
Read about consultant and non-consultant roles in infectious diseases, flexible working and about wider opportunities.
Consultant roles
You can apply for consultant roles six months prior to achieving your Certificate of Completion of Training[10] (CCT[11]). You will receive your CCT[11] at the end of specialty training.
Managerial opportunities for consultants include:
clinical lead - lead NHS consultant for the team
clinical director - lead NHS consultant for the department
medical director - lead NHS consultant for the Trust
Most NHS consultants will be involved with clinical and educational supervision of junior doctors.
Here are some examples of education and training opportunities:
director of medical education - the NHS consultant appointed to the hospital board who is responsible for the postgraduate medical training in a hospital. They work with the postgraduate dean to make sure training meets GMC standards.
training programme director - the NHS consultant overseeing the education of the local cohort of trainee doctors eg foundation training[12] programme director. This role will be working within the LETB/deanery
associate dean - the NHS consultant responsible for management of the entirety of a training programme. This role will be also be working within the LETB/deanery
SAS doctor roles
There are also opportunities to work at non-consultant level, for example as a SAS (Specialist and Associate Specialist) doctor. SAS doctors are non-training roles where the doctor has at least four years of postgraduate training, two of those being in a relevant specialty. Find out more about SAS doctor roles[13].
Other non-training grade roles
These roles include:
trust grade
clinical fellows
Academic pathways
If you have trained on an academic infectious diseases pathway or are interested in research there are opportunities in academic medicine.
For those with a particular interest in research, you may wish to consider an academic career in infectious diseases. Whilst not essential, some doctors start their career with an Academic Foundation post. This enables them to develop skills in research and teaching alongside the basic competences in the foundation curriculum.
Entry into an academic career would usually start with an Academic Clinical Fellowship (ACF) and may progress to a Clinical Lectureship (CL). Alternatively some trainees that begin with an ACF post then continue as an ST trainee on the clinical programme post-ST4.
There are also numerous opportunities for trainees to undertake research outside of the ACF/CL route, as part of planned time out of their training programme. Find out more about academic medicine[15].
The Clinical Research Network[16] (CRN) actively encourages all doctors to take part in clinical research.
This section provides useful information about the availability of jobs, finding vacancies and where to find out more.
Job market information
NHS Digital regularly publish workforce statistics which show the number of full time equivalent consultants and doctors in training for each specialty: NHS Digital workforce statistics[17].
All trainees apply through the online application system Oriel[22]. You will be able to register for training, view all vacancies, apply, book interviews and assessment centres, and manage offers made to you.
Local education and training boards (LETBs)/deaneries will have details of training vacancies. Not all LETBs/deaneries will offer new training posts in all specialties in all years.
