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Doctors working in general internal medicine treat patients with a wide range of acute and long-term medical conditions.
Training usually starts with a five year first degree in medicine. Then there's two years foundation doctor training, two years core training (CT1-2), followed by three years specialists training (ST3-5). This period of training will include your royal college exams. Length of training can vary according to your circumstances.Doctors may work up to 48 hours a week. The working hours may sometimes extend beyond the normal working day to include early mornings, evenings and weekends. You will also need to be on call. The basic salary ranges from £29,384 to £34,012. Once you start your specialty training as a doctor in general internal medicine employed by the NHS, you can expect to earn a salary of at least £40,257, which can increase to between £84,559 and £114,003 as a consultant.You'll need excellent communication skills to manage a wide range of relationships with colleagues, and patients and their families. You'll be emotionally resilient, have excellent problem-solving and diagnostic skills and work well in teams and under pressure. You'll also be very organised for the benefit of patients.There are approximately 891 consultants working in general internal medicine in the NHS in England. You could specialise in acute internal medicine, cardiology, endocrinology and diabetes, gastroenterology, geriatric medicine, renal medicine or respiratory medicine. -
Medical psychotherapists are trained psychiatrists who specialise in psychotherapy, the use of psychological or talking treatments.
Training usually starts with a five year first degree in medicine. You’ll then complete two years of foundation training and three years of core training (CT1-3), followed by three years of specialty training (ST4-6). This period of training will include your royal college exams. Length of training can vary according to your circumstances.Doctors may work up to 48 hours a week. The working hours may sometimes extend beyond the normal working day to include early mornings, evenings and weekends. You’ll first earn a salary when you start your foundation training after medical school. The basic salary ranges from £29,384 to £34,012. Once you start your specialty training as a medical psychotherapist employed by the NHS, you can expect to earn a salary of at least £40,257, which can increase to between £84,559 and £114,003 as a consultant.For this role you’ll need to be able to work well under pressure and take initiative in highly pressurised and emotive situations. You’ll also have emotional resilience, empathy and compassion, and will work well in a team. You’ll enjoy problem solving and decision making and have excellent communication and leadership skills. A strong interest in different therapies and psychoanalytic theory and practice is necessary.There were 50 consultants in medical psychotherapy in England in 2016. You could specialise or conduct research, teach medical students or postgraduate students in training or get involved in research at universities, the NHS or private sector. -
Phlebotomists are an instrumental part of the NHS team, making sure that the diagnosis of illness is done quickly and safely.
There are no set entry requirements to become a trainee phlebotomist. Employers usually ask for at least two GCSEs or equivalent and may ask for a BTEC or equivalent vocational qualification in health and social care or healthcare. They also often ask for relevant work experience in health or social care, in either paid or voluntary work. There are apprenticeships in healthcare that would give you relevant experience to apply for a trainee phlebotomist position. You could work as a healthcare assistant, and then receive training in phlebotomy so that you can take patient's blood. Phlebotomists are trained on the job and so securing a trainee phlebotomist position is recommended. The training includes theory and practical work.Clinical support staff working in the NHS are paid on the Agenda for Change (AfC) pay system. As a phlebotomist, you will typically start on AfC band 2 or 3. With further training and experience, you could apply for more senior positions at band 4. In the NHS, phlebotomists work standard hours of around 37.5 a week. They often work shifts, which could involve nights, early starts, evenings and weekends. Terms and conditions will usually be different for phlebotomists working outside of the NHS.As a phlebotomist, you'll need to be caring and kind, able to put patients at ease - they might feel anxious about giving blood, willing to be hands-on with patients, able to follow instructions and procedures, able to work in a team but use your own initiative, able to explain procedures to patients, careful and methodical. You'll also need good communication skills, including listening, good organisational and observational skills.With experience and further training, you could become a senior phlebotomist taking on more advanced work. You could become a team leader, supervising the work of a team of phlebotomists. With further training, experience and qualifications, you could apply to train as a science or healthcare professional such as a nurse, biomedical scientist or healthcare science practitioner.