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Immunologists study how the body’s defence system (the immune system) functions and treat patients with immune system disorders.
Training usually starts with a five year first degree in medicine, MBBS or equivalent. 2 years foundation doctor training, 2 years core training (CT1-2) during which the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) is obtained. This is followed by 5 years specialty training (ST3-7) leading to Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists(FRCPath). Length of training can vary according to your circumstances.Doctors may work up to 48 hours a week. The working hours may sometimes extend beyond the normal working day to include early mornings, evenings and weekends. You’ll first earn a salary when you start your foundation training after medical school. The basic salary ranges from £29,384 to £34,012. Once you start your specialty training as a doctor in immunology employed by the NHS, you can expect to earn a salary of at least £40,257, which can increase to between £84,559 and £114,003 as a consultant.You'll need excellent communication skills to manage a wide range of relationships with colleagues, and patients and their families. You'll be emotionally resilient, have excellent problem-solving and diagnostic skills and work well in teams and under pressure. You'll also be very organised for the benefit of patients.There are currently 83 immunology consultants working in the NHS in England. In 2021, there were 33 applications for six immunology specialty training places. You could specialise or conduct research in areas such as rheumatology, HIV medicine or transplantation and teach medical or postgraduate students.Related roles
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Information and communication technology (ICT) is the development, management and support of the ICT infrastructure in health organisation, including the personal computers, email systems and mobile communications.
ICT staff deliver a variety of different services so people with different qualifications, knowledge and skills are needed. You may have a background in web development or IT helpdesks, for example. Entry requirements will differ depending on the role but it may be possible to enter an entry-level post with no formal qualifications, but GCSEs or equivalent qualifications are an advantage. Apprenticeships in health informatics are also available. Other roles will require very specific professional qualifications such as computer science. The NHS Graduate Management Training Scheme also has a health informatics strand for graduates with relevant degrees.Most ICT jobs in the NHS are covered by Agenda for Change (AfC) pay scales. This pay system covers all staff except doctors, dentists and the most senior managers. ICT staff in the NHS will usually work standard hours of 37.5 per week but some evening or weekend work may be needed depending on the role. Terms and conditions can vary for non-NHS employers and contractors.Staff working in ICT will need good technical skills and an ability to diagnose problems systematically. Most roles will need experience and knowledge of Microsoft Windows operating systems and Microsoft Office packages. You’ll also need problem-solving skills, experience of working as a team and be able to work under pressure. ICT staff employed directly by health organisations will need a good understanding of healthcare systems. Those employed by contractors to deliver ICT systems won't necessarily need this but it is always best to check any job descriptions and person specifications.There are opportunities to progress your career into senior management roles. Most NHS organisations will now have chief information officers who lead the delivery of ICT systems locally, regionally and nationally. Courses in health informatics are also offered by some universities at undergraduate and master's level. The NHS has also developed training courses to support you through your career. Many of these will count towards your continued professional development and may lead to a formal professional qualifications.